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單位受賄罪 - 單位受賄罪量刑標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

發(fā)布日期:2024-02-20 閱讀:768

什么是單位受賄罪

單位受賄罪,是國家機關(guān)、國有公司、企業(yè)、事業(yè)單位、人民團體,索取、非法收受他人財物,為他人謀取利益,情節(jié)嚴(yán)重,或者在經(jīng)濟往來中,在帳外暗中收受各種名義的回手續(xù)費的行為。

 

單位受賄罪構(gòu)成要件

 

1、犯罪客體

 

本罪侵犯的客體,是國有單位正常管理活動和聲譽。

 

2、犯罪客觀方面

 

索取、收受他人的財物,為他人謀取利益,情節(jié)嚴(yán)重的行為;在經(jīng)濟往來中,在帳外暗中收受各種名義的回扣、手續(xù)費的行為。

 

3、犯罪主體

 

本罪的主體是國有單位,包括國家機關(guān)、國有公司、企業(yè)、事業(yè)單位、人民團體。

 

4、犯罪主觀方面

 

本罪在主觀方面表現(xiàn)為直接故意。即國有公司、企業(yè)、事業(yè)單位、機關(guān)、團體具有索取或者收受賄賂,為他人謀取利益的目的。

 

單位受賄罪認(rèn)定

一、共犯認(rèn)定

 

1、單位受賄罪主犯主體資格的認(rèn)定。主犯必須是國有單位。在本案中,甲單位系國有事業(yè)單位,符合單位受賄罪的主體要件。

 

2、共同犯罪故意的認(rèn)定。按照法學(xué)理論“經(jīng)過單位集體研究決定的或者由單位負(fù)責(zé)人員決定的犯罪行為是單位整體的意志”,在該案中,A既是甲單位負(fù)責(zé)人又是丁行業(yè)協(xié)會的日常工作負(fù)責(zé)人,這種共同故意是通過A這個自然人的意思表示來實現(xiàn)的。如果兩單位的直接負(fù)責(zé)的主管人員不是一個自然人,則必須有兩單位直接負(fù)責(zé)的主管人員的共謀行為。

 

3、受賄的行為的認(rèn)定。可以是單獨完成,也可以是分工配合完成的。

 

二、單位受賄罪與受賄罪的區(qū)別

 

(一)兩者最明顯的區(qū)別是主體不同。

 

單位受賄罪的主體是單位,而且只能是國家機關(guān)、國有公司、企業(yè)、事業(yè)單位、人民團體等國有單位。受賄罪的主體則限于自然人,而且只能是具有國家工作人員身份或者以國家工作人員論的自然人,通常在上述單位受賄罪的主體范圍內(nèi)從事公務(wù)的人均能成為受賄罪的主體,然而受賄罪的主體又不局限于此,還包括所屬單位雖非上述單位但其本人是受國家機關(guān)、國有公司、企業(yè)、事業(yè)單位、人民團體委派到該類非國有性質(zhì)的單位從事公務(wù)的人員及在基層群眾性自治組織如農(nóng)村村民委員會、城鎮(zhèn)的居民委員會等單位依照法律從事公務(wù)的人員,而這些人員所在的單位都不可能成為單位受賄罪的主體。可見,單位受賄罪的主體范圍和受賄罪的主體范圍并非一一對應(yīng)的關(guān)系。

 

(二)兩者的客體也不盡相同。

 

單位受賄罪的客體是國有單位的正常工作秩序和國家的廉政建設(shè)制度。受賄罪的客體通常被認(rèn)為是“國家工作人員職務(wù)的廉潔性”。

 

(三)兩罪的客觀方面不同

 

1、受賄罪中索取他人財物的,不論是否“為他人謀取利益”,均可構(gòu)成受賄罪;非法收受他人財物的,則必須同時具備“為他人謀取利益”的條件,才能構(gòu)成受賄罪。而單位受賄罪中索取他人財物或者非法收受他人財物,則必須同時具備為他人謀取利益之條件時,才能構(gòu)成犯罪,如某國有單位雖然索賄但沒有為他人謀取利益的尚構(gòu)不成單位受賄罪。另外值得注意,受賄罪中索賄的刑法明確規(guī)定要從重處罰,而單位受賄罪中索賄則不是法定從重處罰情節(jié)。

 

2、受賄罪是復(fù)行為犯,構(gòu)成此罪的國家工作人員還需具有“利用職務(wù)便利”的行為,即利用自己職務(wù)上主管、負(fù)責(zé)或者承辦某項公共事務(wù)的職權(quán)及其所形成的便利條件為他人謀利益的行為;而單位受賄罪只要國有單位索取、非法收受他人財物,為他人謀取利益且情節(jié)嚴(yán)重的就構(gòu)成單位受賄罪,沒有要求構(gòu)成此罪的單位必須具有利用本單位相關(guān)職務(wù)或職權(quán)的行為。

 

3、單位受賄罪中要求具有“情節(jié)嚴(yán)重”的行為,且該“情節(jié)嚴(yán)重”是構(gòu)成單位受賄罪的必要條件,是區(qū)分罪與非罪的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),而受賄罪的定罪中沒有該情節(jié)的要求。

 

4、受賄罪中存在著斡旋受賄行為,即國家工作人員利用本人職權(quán)或者地位形成的便利條件,通過其他國家工作人員職務(wù)上的行為,為請托人謀取不正當(dāng)利益,索取請托人財物或者收受請托人財物的以受賄論處。而單位受賄罪中則不存在斡旋受賄行為,即國有單位利用其職權(quán)或者地位形成的便利條件,通過其他國有單位為請托人謀取不正當(dāng)利益,索取請托人財物或者收受請托人財物的,則不構(gòu)成斡旋受賄犯罪。

 

單位受賄罪量刑標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

1、國家機關(guān)、國有公司、企業(yè)、事業(yè)單位、人民團體,索取、非法收受他人財物,為他人謀取利益,情節(jié)嚴(yán)重的,對單位判處罰金,并對其直接負(fù)責(zé)的主管人員和其他直接責(zé)任人員,處五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。

 

2、以上所列單位,在經(jīng)濟往來中,在帳外暗中收受各種名義的回扣、手續(xù)費的,以受賄論,依照以上規(guī)定處罰。

 

單位受賄罪立案標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

索取他人財物或者非法收受他人財物,必須同時具備為他人謀取利益的條件,且是情節(jié)嚴(yán)重的行為,才能構(gòu)成單位受賄罪。

 

國家機關(guān)、國有公司、企業(yè)、事業(yè)單位、人民團體,在經(jīng)濟往來中,在賬外暗中收受各種名義的回扣、手續(xù)費的,以單位受賄罪追究刑事責(zé)任。

 

涉嫌下列情形之一的,應(yīng)予立案:

 

1.單位受賄數(shù)額在10萬元以上的;

 

2.單位受賄數(shù)額不滿10萬元,但具有下列情形之一的:

 

(1)故意刁難、要挾有關(guān)單位、個人,造成惡劣影響的;

 

(2)強行索取財物的;

 

(3)致使國家或者社會利益遭受重大損失的。

 

 

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