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網(wǎng)絡(luò)維權(quán)措施有哪些?

1.聯(lián)系網(wǎng)絡(luò)用戶,要求其刪除信息

網(wǎng)絡(luò)侵權(quán),自然首先是有網(wǎng)絡(luò)用戶發(fā)起,網(wǎng)絡(luò)用戶就是網(wǎng)絡(luò)侵權(quán)的始作俑者,毫無疑問是應(yīng)當(dāng)承擔(dān)侵權(quán)責(zé)任的主體。在遭遇網(wǎng)絡(luò)侵權(quán)時(shí),直接與發(fā)布信息的網(wǎng)絡(luò)用戶交涉是保障權(quán)益的第一步,要求其刪除信息,防止不當(dāng)信息進(jìn)一步傳播,維護(hù)自身的合法權(quán)益。

 

在網(wǎng)絡(luò)侵權(quán)中,網(wǎng)絡(luò)用戶發(fā)布信息往往需要用戶名,所以被侵權(quán)人可以在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上留言,告知其事態(tài)的嚴(yán)重性,在我國法律體系中,發(fā)布不當(dāng)?shù)木W(wǎng)絡(luò)信息需要承擔(dān)從民事責(zé)任、行政責(zé)任,甚至還可能承擔(dān)刑事責(zé)任。我國《民法典》、《信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)侵權(quán)司法解釋》規(guī)定了侵權(quán)人賠禮道歉、恢復(fù)名譽(yù)、賠償損失等民事責(zé)任,同時(shí),根據(jù)《治安管理處罰法》第42條,侵權(quán)人可能需要承擔(dān)罰款,甚至拘留。若達(dá)到刑法第246條及信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)誹謗的司法解釋中誹謗罪的認(rèn)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn),若提起刑事訴訟,侵權(quán)人甚至可能被判3年有期徒刑。

法律并非兒戲,將侵權(quán)人可能承擔(dān)的責(zé)任告知網(wǎng)絡(luò)用戶,侵權(quán)人可能將信息刪除,不當(dāng)信息從根源上消除。

 

2.告知網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)提供者,敦促其采取必要措施

網(wǎng)絡(luò)世界屬于虛擬世界,網(wǎng)絡(luò)實(shí)名制尚未落實(shí),在不知對(duì)方真實(shí)身份的情形下,對(duì)方有恃無恐,然而,權(quán)益被侵害者不必為此懊惱,在無法聯(lián)絡(luò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)用戶時(shí)或者網(wǎng)絡(luò)用戶根本不予理睬時(shí),受害人可以聯(lián)系網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)提供者,告知其相關(guān)信息,敦促其采取必要措施防止不當(dāng)信息的傳播。

 

我國《民法典》規(guī)定:“網(wǎng)絡(luò)用戶利用網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)實(shí)施侵權(quán)行為的,被侵權(quán)人有權(quán)通知網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)提供者采取刪除、屏蔽、斷開鏈接等必要措施。網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)提供者接到通知后未及時(shí)采取必要措施的,對(duì)損害的擴(kuò)大部分與該網(wǎng)絡(luò)用戶承擔(dān)連帶責(zé)任。”,“網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)提供者知道網(wǎng)絡(luò)用戶利用其網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)侵害他人民事權(quán)益,未采取必要措施的,與該網(wǎng)絡(luò)用戶承擔(dān)連帶責(zé)任?!彼?,被侵權(quán)人完全可以聯(lián)系網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)提供者采取必要措施。

 

同時(shí),被侵權(quán)人應(yīng)采取適當(dāng)方式告知,并保留證據(jù),《信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)侵權(quán)司法解釋》第5條規(guī)定,必須滿足相關(guān)條件,人民法院才能認(rèn)定為通知有效,首先,被侵權(quán)人需要以書面形式或者網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)提供者公示的方式向網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)提供者發(fā)出的通知,其次,通知應(yīng)當(dāng)包括三項(xiàng)內(nèi)容,其一,通知人的姓名(名稱)和聯(lián)系方式;其二,要求采取必要措施的網(wǎng)絡(luò)地址或者足以準(zhǔn)確定位侵權(quán)內(nèi)容的相關(guān)信息;其三,通知人要求刪除相關(guān)信息的理由。被侵權(quán)人發(fā)送的通知未滿足上述條件,網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)提供者主張免除責(zé)任的,人民法院應(yīng)予支持。

 

3.向法院提起訴訟,請(qǐng)求法院采取強(qiáng)制措施

網(wǎng)絡(luò)用戶與網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)提供商能夠及時(shí)采取措施防止被侵權(quán)人損害進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大自然是皆大歡喜,然而,這只是一種理想狀態(tài),在網(wǎng)絡(luò)用戶以及網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)提供者都不予配合的情形下,被侵權(quán)人可以向法院提起訴訟。

首先,在管轄法院選擇上,根據(jù)《信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)侵權(quán)司法解釋》第2條規(guī)定,由侵權(quán)行為地或者被告住所地人民法院管轄。

其次,在被告人的選擇上,若是僅由網(wǎng)絡(luò)用戶造成損失,應(yīng)以網(wǎng)絡(luò)用戶為被告,若發(fā)生法定的情形,被侵權(quán)人可選擇起訴網(wǎng)絡(luò)用戶,也可選擇起訴網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)提供者,在單獨(dú)起訴其中一方時(shí),其可以請(qǐng)求追加另一方為共同被告或者第三人。

再次,在請(qǐng)求內(nèi)容上,被侵權(quán)人可以請(qǐng)求人民法院判決侵權(quán)人承擔(dān)賠禮道歉、消除影響或者恢復(fù)名譽(yù)等責(zé)任,侵權(quán)人拒不履行的,人民法院可以采取在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上發(fā)布公告或者公布裁判文書等合理的方式執(zhí)行,由此產(chǎn)生的費(fèi)用由侵權(quán)人承擔(dān)。造成財(cái)產(chǎn)損失或者嚴(yán)重精神損害的,被侵權(quán)人可依據(jù)《民法典》的規(guī)定請(qǐng)求其承擔(dān)賠償責(zé)任。

 

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