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欺詐發(fā)行股票、債券罪

發(fā)布日期:2024-01-30 閱讀:782

什么是欺詐發(fā)行股票、債券罪

 

欺詐發(fā)行股票、債券罪是指在招股說明書、認(rèn)股書、公司、企業(yè)債券募集辦法中隱瞞重要事實或者編造重大虛假內(nèi)容,發(fā)行股票或者公司、企業(yè)債券,數(shù)額巨大、后果嚴(yán)重或者有其他嚴(yán)重情節(jié)的行為。

 

欺詐發(fā)行股票、債券罪構(gòu)成要件

 

(一)客體要件

 

本罪侵犯的客體是復(fù)雜客體,即國家對證券市場的管理制度以及投資者(即股東、債權(quán)人和公眾)的合法權(quán)益。

 

(二)客觀要件

 

1、行為人必須實施在招股說明書、認(rèn)股書、公司、企業(yè)債券募集辦法中隱瞞重要事實或者編造重大虛假內(nèi)容的行為。

 

2、行為人必須實施了發(fā)行股票或公司、企業(yè)債券的行為。如果行為人僅是制作了虛假的招股說明書、認(rèn)股書、公司、企業(yè)債券募集辦法,而未實施發(fā)行股票或者公司、企業(yè)債券的行為,不構(gòu)成本罪。必須是既制作了虛假的上述文件,且已發(fā)行了股票和公司、企業(yè)債券的才構(gòu)成本罪。

 

3、行為人制作虛假的招股說明書、認(rèn)股書、公司債券募集辦法發(fā)行股票或者公司、企業(yè)債券的行為,必須達(dá)到一定的嚴(yán)重程度,即達(dá)到“數(shù)額巨大、后果嚴(yán)重或者有其他嚴(yán)重情節(jié)的”,才構(gòu)成犯罪。

 

根據(jù)司法實踐,具有下列情形之一的,應(yīng)當(dāng)追訴:

 

(1)發(fā)行數(shù)額在500萬元以上的。

 

(2)偽造、變造國家公文、有效證明文件或相關(guān)憑證、單據(jù)的。

 

(3)利用募集的資金進(jìn)行違法活動的。

 

(4)轉(zhuǎn)移或者隱瞞所募集資金的。

 

(5)其他后果嚴(yán)重或有其他嚴(yán)重情節(jié)的情形。

 

(三)主體要件

 

本罪的主體主要是單位。自然人在一定條件下也能成為犯罪的主體。

 

(四)主觀要件

 

本罪在主觀上只能依故意構(gòu)成,過失不構(gòu)成本罪。即行為人明知自己所制作的招股說明書、認(rèn)股書、債券募集辦法等不是對本公司狀況或本次股票、債券發(fā)行狀況的真實、準(zhǔn)確、完整反映,仍然積極為之者。因而本罪行為人的罪過實質(zhì)是詐欺募股或詐欺發(fā)行債券。

 

 

欺詐發(fā)行股票、債券罪認(rèn)定

 

(一)在實踐中應(yīng)注意區(qū)分本罪與詐騙罪的界限

 

1、主體要件不同。本罪的主體為特殊主體,即股份有限公司的發(fā)起人,股份有限公司、有限責(zé)任公司及企業(yè);而詐騙罪的主體為一般主體,主要是社會上一些不法分子打著公司的旗號,虛構(gòu)公司或者假冒其他公司實施的。

 

2、客觀方面不同。本罪主要是通過制作虛假的招股說明書、認(rèn)股書、公司、企業(yè)債券募集辦法來欺詐他人,而發(fā)行股票和債券往往是經(jīng)過有關(guān)部門批準(zhǔn)的;詐騙罪發(fā)行股票、債券是非法的,未經(jīng)有關(guān)部門批準(zhǔn)的,所謂招股說明書、認(rèn)股書、公司、企業(yè)債券募集辦法純屬偽造虛構(gòu)的。

 

3、兩罪主觀上都是故意的,但故意內(nèi)容和犯罪目的是不同的,詐騙罪的目的是非法占有他人財物,而非通過制作虛假的文件來發(fā)行股票和公司、企業(yè)債券募集資金。

 

4、客體也是不同的,詐騙罪侵犯是公私財產(chǎn)所有權(quán),而本罪主要是侵犯了證券發(fā)行的管理秩序。

 

(二)本罪與集資詐騙罪的界限

 

本罪與集資詐騙罪都實施了欺騙他人的行為,但二者的區(qū)別是明顯的,表現(xiàn)在:

 

(1)犯罪主體不同。

 

本罪主體為特殊主體:即股份有限公司的發(fā)起人,股份有限公司、有限責(zé)任公司和企業(yè);而集資詐騙罪的主體則為一般主體,主要是社會上一些不法分子打著公司的旗號,虛構(gòu)公司、企業(yè)或假冒公司、企業(yè)實施的。

 

(2)主觀方面不同。

 

兩罪雖然在主觀上均為故意,但其內(nèi)容和目的有所不同。本罪有虛假發(fā)行股票或公司、企業(yè)債券的故意和非法募集資金的目的,而非法募集資金是由于籌建公司、企業(yè)或公司、企業(yè)本身的業(yè)務(wù)發(fā)展,不具有非法占有的目的;而集資詐騙罪則有非法占有他人財產(chǎn)的目的。即行為人具有將非法聚集的資金據(jù)為己有的目的。

 

(3)侵犯的客體不同。

 

本罪侵犯的是股東、債權(quán)人及社會公眾的利益和國家的證券市場管理制度;而集資詐騙罪侵犯的是公私財產(chǎn)所有權(quán)和國家金融管理制度。

 

(4)客觀方面不同。

 

本罪是違反公司法的規(guī)定,是在公司發(fā)行股票或公司、企業(yè)發(fā)行債券的領(lǐng)域內(nèi)犯罪,即以虛假方法制作虛假的招股說明書、認(rèn)股書、公司、企業(yè)債券發(fā)行辦法來欺詐他人,發(fā)行股票、債券一般是通過有關(guān)部門審批后進(jìn)行的;而集資詐騙罪可以采取多種方法,其行為人發(fā)行股票、債券是未經(jīng)有關(guān)部門批準(zhǔn)而非法發(fā)行的。

 

(三)本罪與擅自發(fā)行股票、公司、企業(yè)債券罪的界限

 

擅自發(fā)行股票、公司、企業(yè)債券罪是指未經(jīng)公司法規(guī)定的有關(guān)主管部門批準(zhǔn),擅自發(fā)行股票或者公司、企業(yè)債券,數(shù)額巨大、后果嚴(yán)重或者有其他嚴(yán)重情節(jié)的行為。兩罪的共同點在于都違反公司法的規(guī)定,都侵犯了國家對證券市場的管理制度以及投資者、股東、社會公眾和債權(quán)人的利益、主觀上也都出于故意,但兩罪仍有明顯區(qū)別,表現(xiàn)在:

 

(1)主體不同。

 

本罪主體為特殊主體,即公司發(fā)起人,股份有限公司、有限責(zé)任公司或企業(yè);而擅自發(fā)行股票、債券罪的主體是一般主體、凡達(dá)到刑事責(zé)任年齡并具備刑事責(zé)任能力的自然人或單位均可構(gòu)成該罪主體。

 

(2)客觀方面不同。

 

本罪行為人是以制作虛假的招股說明書、認(rèn)股書、公司、企業(yè)債券發(fā)行辦法并且一般是經(jīng)過主管部門批準(zhǔn)而發(fā)行股票、債券;而擅自發(fā)行股票、公司、企業(yè)債券罪是未經(jīng)批準(zhǔn)而發(fā)行股票、債券,即行為人發(fā)行股票、債券的行為在程序上不合法,本身不具有制作虛假募資文件的欺詐性、強(qiáng)調(diào)的是未經(jīng)審批的擅自發(fā)行股票、債券行為。如果行為人既實施了擅自發(fā)行股票、債券行為,又采用制作虛假的招股說明書、認(rèn)股書、公司、企業(yè)債券募集辦法發(fā)行股票或公司、企業(yè)債券的,對此,應(yīng)從其中一罪從重處罰,不實行數(shù)罪并罰。

 

欺詐發(fā)行股票、債券罪量刑標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

 

在招股說明書、認(rèn)股書、公司、企業(yè)債券募集辦法等發(fā)行文件中隱瞞重要事實或者編造重大虛假內(nèi)容,發(fā)行股票或者公司、企業(yè)債券、存托憑證或者國務(wù)院依法認(rèn)定的其他證券,數(shù)額巨大、后果嚴(yán)重或者有其他嚴(yán)重情節(jié)的,處五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役,并處或者單處罰金;數(shù)額特別巨大、后果特別嚴(yán)重或者有其他特別嚴(yán)重情節(jié)的,處五年以上有期徒刑,并處罰金。

 

控股股東、實際控制人組織、指使實施前款行為的,處五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役,并處或者單處非法募集資金金額百分之二十以上一倍以下罰金;數(shù)額特別巨大、后果特別嚴(yán)重或者有其他特別嚴(yán)重情節(jié)的,處五年以上有期徒刑,并處非法募集資金金額百分之二十以上一倍以下罰金。

 

單位犯前兩款罪的,對單位判處非法募集資金金額百分之二十以上一倍以下罰金,并對其直接負(fù)責(zé)的主管人員和其他直接責(zé)任人員,依照第一款的規(guī)定處罰。

 

 

欺詐發(fā)行股票、債券罪立案標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

 

在招股說明書、認(rèn)股書、公司、企業(yè)債券募集辦法中隱瞞重要事實或者編造重大虛假內(nèi)容,發(fā)行股票或者公司、企業(yè)債券,涉嫌下列情形之一的,應(yīng)予追訴:

 

1、發(fā)行數(shù)額在五百萬元以上的;

 

2、偽造、變造國家公文、有效證明文件或相關(guān)憑證、單據(jù)的;

 

3、利用募集的資金進(jìn)行違法活動的;

 

4、轉(zhuǎn)移或者隱瞞所募集資金的;

 

5、其他后果嚴(yán)重或有其他嚴(yán)重情節(jié)的情形

 

欺詐發(fā)行股票、債券罪法條及司法解釋

 

《公司法》第二百零七條 制作虛假的招股說明書、認(rèn)股書、公司債券募集辦法發(fā)行股票或者公司債券的,責(zé)令停止發(fā)行,退還所募資 金及其利息,處以非法募集資金金額l%以上5%以下的罰款。構(gòu)成犯罪的,依法追究刑事責(zé)任。

 

《證券法》第一百七十五條 未經(jīng)法定的機(jī)關(guān)核準(zhǔn)或者審批,擅自發(fā)行證券的,或者制作虛假的發(fā)行文件發(fā)行證券的,責(zé)令停止發(fā)行,退還所募資金和加算銀行同期存款利息,并處以非法所募資金金額百分之一以上百分之五以下的罰款。對直接負(fù)責(zé)的主管人員和其他直接責(zé)任人員給予警告,并處以三萬元以上三十萬元以下的罰款。構(gòu)成犯罪的,依法追究刑事責(zé)任。

 

第二百零七條 違反本法規(guī)定,應(yīng)當(dāng)承擔(dān)民事賠償責(zé)任和繳納罰款、罰金,其財產(chǎn)不足以同時支付時,先承擔(dān)民事賠償責(zé)任。

 

第二百零九條 依照本法對證券發(fā)行、交易違法行為沒收的違 法所得和罰款,全部上繳國庫。

 

《最高人民檢察院、公安部關(guān)于經(jīng)濟(jì)犯罪案件追訴標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的規(guī)定》

 

四、欺詐發(fā)行股票、債券案(刑法第160條)

 

在招股說明書、認(rèn)股書、公司、企業(yè)債券募集辦法中隱瞞重要事實或者編造重大虛假內(nèi)容,發(fā)行股票或者公司、企業(yè)債券,涉嫌下列情形之一的,應(yīng)予追訴:

 

1、發(fā)行數(shù)額在一千萬元以上的;

 

2、偽造政府公文、有效證明文件或者相關(guān)憑證、單據(jù)的;

 

3、股民、債權(quán)人要求清退,無正當(dāng)理由不予清退的;

 

4、利用非法募集的資金進(jìn)行違法活動的;

 

5、轉(zhuǎn)移或者隱瞞所募集資金的;

 

6、造成惡劣影響的。

 

 

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